从美军"PTN"项目看前沿技术在飞行员训练体系中的应用前景

美国空军教育和训练司令部"PTN"项目即"未来飞行员训练计划"已经完成两期验证,项目重点集成了虚拟现实、增强现实、先进生理传感器、人工智能和大数据分析技术,研究了新技术对飞行员训练的适用性.项目取得了良好的效果,美军计划将该项目作为未来飞行员训练体系的重要组成部分.本文分析了"PTN"项目的 组织实施过程和实施效果,阐述了人工智能、虚拟现实、大数据等前沿技术在飞行员培训体系中的应用前景.     

航天嵌入式软件数组越界缺陷特征研究

根据统计,数组越界是航天嵌入式软件开发过程中出现最多且最容易被遗漏的缺陷类型之一.目前自动化检测数组越界多基于抽象解释、符号执行、程序模型检验等方法,这些方法在误报、漏报、可扩展性等方面的表现依赖于软件及缺陷特征.分析了近三年航天嵌入式软件第三方测试中发现的94个数组越界问题,从缺陷模式和缺陷表现形式两方面分析得出10项航天嵌入式软件数组越界缺陷特征,并提出对设计具体检测方法关键的若干启示.进一步基于这些特征和启示探讨了数组越界检测算法针对中断驱动型程序的改进方向.     

低轨卫星缺失时序数据的模式识别方法

在航天应用中，低轨卫星经常会由于原始数据缺失而影响卫星时序数据模式识别结果，降低准确率。针对该问题提出了一种新型MR-GRU模型，可有效处理缺失时序数据，并获得较好的模式识别准确率。区别于传统模型的补全缺失数据的方法，MR-GRU模型直接在缺失时序数据上运用循环神经网络进行训练，对传统门控循环单元结构进行了改进，增加了两个新变量：掩蔽项和衰减项。掩蔽项作用于输入，衰减项作用于输入和隐层单元输出。MR-GRU模型不仅能够保持时序数据固有的时间特性，还能有效提高模式识别精度。在卫星时序数据上的模式识别试验表明，MR-GRU模型准确率优于传统模型。     

带攻角约束的高超声速飞行器自适应反步控制器设计

针对带攻角(AOA)约束的高超声速飞行器控制问题，提出一种基于非对称时变障碍函数的非线性自适应反步控制方法。首先，将飞行器模型化为严反馈形式，以反步法为基础进行控制器设计。然后通过光滑饱和函数对名义攻角指令信号进行限幅，并保证限幅信号的可导性，限幅产生的误差通过设计辅助系统进行补偿。进而使用障碍函数对攻角指令跟踪误差进行非对称时变约束。针对不确定性和干扰，设计新型自适应律对集中干扰上界进行估计并补偿。最终通过Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统状态量一致最终有界并且攻角始终满足时变约束。仿真结果表明，本文方法能够在满足攻角约束基础上保证良好跟踪性能。     

石英谐振加速度传感器芯片设计与仿真

分体式石英谐振加速度传感器在性能提升上受到装配误差等因素的影响较大，故提出一种全石英谐振加速度计芯片结构，包括下层的硅结构和上层的石英结构。下层的硅基底仅作为支撑结构进行加工制作，敏感单元为全石英材料，硅结构与石英结构键合到一起，结构加工完成后去除硅材料，以释放石英敏感单元。整体结构为中心对称，包括质量块、音叉结构、微杠杆结构和应力分配梁，芯片通过微杠杆结构来增大传感器的灵敏度，并通过应力分配梁使石英音叉两根振梁上的内应力均匀一致。通过仿真验证了设计的有效性，仿真的差动灵敏度为35Hz/g。     

Impact of rain on wave retrieval from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images in tropical cyclones

The main objective of our work was to investigate the impact of rain on wave observations from C-band (~5.3 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in tropical cyclones. In this study, 10 Sentinel-1 SAR images were available from the Satellite Hurricane Observation Campaign, which were taken under cyclonic conditions during the 2016 hurricane season. The third-generation wave model, known as Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) (version 41.31), was used to simulate the wave fields corresponding to these Sentinel-1 SAR images. In addition, rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite passing over the spatial coverage of the Sentinel-1 SAR images were collected. The simulated results were validated against significant wave heights (SWHs) from the Jason-2 altimeter and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data, revealing a root mean square error (RMSE) of ~0.5 m with a 0.25 scatter index. Winds retrieved from the VH-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR images using the Sentinel-1 Extra Wide-swath Mode Wind Speed Retrieval Model after Noise Removal were taken as prior information for wave retrieval. It was discovered that rain did indeed affect the SAR wave retrieval, as evidenced by the 3.21-m RMSE of SWHs between the SAR images and the SWAN model, which was obtained for the ~1000 match-ups with raindrops. The raindrops dampened the wave retrieval when the rain rate was < ~5 mm/hr; however, they enhanced wave retrieval for higher rain rates. It was also found that the portion of the rain-induced ring wave with a wave number > 0.05 rad/m (~125 m wavelength) was clearly observed in the SAR-derived wave spectra.     

期望状态序列导向的深空探测器规划修复方法

Aiming at the challenges caused by the persistence, concurrency and energy consumption of probe actions, a plan repair method of deep space probe based on the expected state sequence is proposed. In this method, the expected state sequence is formed of the expected effect of the unfinished action and the expected precondition of the unexecuted action in the pre designed plan, according to the execution status of the action. The expected state sequence is an ordered set of states with mixed logic and energy, providing subgoals for plan repair and also transforming the plan repair problem into the state transition path searching problem. During the search, the plan repair strategy with energy supply priority is proposed, which separates the logic repair from energy repair to reduce the difficulty of solving the problem. And this method enables the probe to recover from plan failure autonomously. Finally, the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed method are verified through simulation by taking the Mars Orbiter as an example.